---
pcr_id: pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.live-animals-and-animal-products-excluding-meat.raw-milk-of-goats
language: en-US
status: candidate
sync_with: pcr.zh-CN.md
---

# Raw milk of goats

## 1. Scope and Applicability

This rule covers unprocessed goat milk accepted at the producing dairy farm gate, either warm after first farm conditioning or cooled by that farm. It covers managed lactating goats and replacements, feed and water, enteric and manure pathways, milking capture, first straining and quality acceptance, and conditional farm cooling. Grazing and housed management are alternative implementations of the same herd node: record grazed feed and pasture manure for the former; delivered feed and collected manure for the latter; mixed systems report both without duplicating animal-days. Exclude independent collection/cooling centres, post-gate transport, pasteurization, standardization, and consumer packaging. Do not silently substitute sheep, cow or buffalo milk.

For the accepted exact mapping to CPC 3.0 02292, the final reference product must be unskimmed and not partly skimmed, with a measured milk-fat mass fraction of at least 3.5% (35 g/kg milk). Milk below this classification boundary is outside this PCR's declared CPC-linked product scope, including when its low fat content is natural. This is a classification eligibility condition, not a general milk-quality pass limit, an emission factor, or an instruction to standardize the milk. Retain the actual composition and state; do not replace measured net milk mass with fat-corrected milk. Source: `un-cpc-3-02292`.

## 2. Product Category Identity

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| canonical_pcr_id | `pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.live-animals-and-animal-products-excluding-meat.raw-milk-of-goats` |
| classification_refs | CPC 3.0 `02292` |
| covered_products | Warm raw goat milk and farm-chilled raw goat milk transferred at the producing farm gate; unskimmed/not partly skimmed, measured milk-fat mass fraction at least 3.5% (35 g/kg milk) |
| excluded_products | Other species' milk; processed milk; milk from independent collection or cooling centres; milk with fat content below 3.5%, skimmed or partly skimmed milk |
| representative_product | As-collected accepted unprocessed goat milk |
| production_route | Managed goat herd → separate milking capture → first farm conditioning → optional farm cooling; grazing, housed or mixed herd management documented |
| market_state | Unprocessed liquid milk, warm or farm-chilled, at producing farm handover |

## 3. Reference Flow

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| What | Accepted raw goat milk at the producing farm gate |
| How much | 1 kg as-collected accepted milk |
| How well | Goat species, raw/unprocessed state, temperature, fat/protein or solids, rejection and sampling basis declared |
| How long or cycle | Defined reporting period spanning lactation and replacement phases; disclose herd-period attribution |
| reference_flow_link | `reference_product_handover` |

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Reference amount | 1 |
| Reference product flow | Raw milk of goats at producing farm gate |
| Reference flow property | Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` |
| Reference unit group | Mass `93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66` |
| Reference unit | kg |
| Required qualifiers | goat species; farm identifier; lactation and replacement period; herd route; accepted and rejected mass; warm or farm-chilled state; milk temperature; fat/protein or solids; transfer gate; unskimmed/not partly skimmed; measured milk-fat mass fraction at least 3.5% (35 g/kg milk), with lot-matched assay method and sampling date |

Instantiate one foreground reference from the actual handed-over lot, with all required qualifiers. The category may cover alternative states and producer gates, but each package has one declared species/state/gate/grade stratum and one measured accepted reference-output denominator. Do not pool incompatible states or claim equal service from equal mass. Route-specific source rows and reference_handover describe the same physical boundary event; their linked internal transfer is not another sale or another physical operation.

The broad warm-or-chilled reference has no verified single flow UUID. The chilled-specific identity applies only to `chilled_milk`.

## 4. Measurement and Unit Rules

| rule_id | Applies to | Required property | Required unit | Rule |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `cpc_milk_scope` | final reference milk | Milk-fat mass fraction, wet-milk basis | % or g/kg milk | Verify at least 3.5% (35 g/kg) on a sample matched to the actual handover lot, with method, sampling date and skimmed/not-skimmed state. Below-threshold or skimmed/partly skimmed milk is outside the declared CPC-linked scope. Missing or incomparable composition evidence prevents a classification claim; never assume eligibility from species, breed or a default fat content. This condition does not change net-mass normalization. |
| `accepted_mass` | reference milk | Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` | kg | Normalize all inventories to measured accepted milk; subtract rejected or lost milk once. |
| `milk_quality` | accepted milk | measured fat/protein or solids | reported concentration basis | Retain the sampled composition and temperature with the exact lot or period; do not silently standardize milk mass. |
| `period_link` | herd and milk | Mass and time | kg, days | Link animal-days, feed, replacement and manure records to the milk reporting period before normalization. |
| `inventory_reference_normalization` | all inventory rows | Actual flow property | exchange unit per reference flow | The inventory and collection aggregation fields below express final amounts per declared reference flow. Keep all raw collection records, original denominator qualifiers, route/period strata, unit conversions and allocation requirements. For each flow, first obtain its attributable amount in its own numerator unit using the existing rules; then divide by the measured accepted reference-output quantity of the same scope and multiply by the declared reference quantity. Do not mix species, states, gates or incompatible routes; count transfers and shared burdens once. A missing, zero or untraceable accepted-output denominator is a blocking data-quality issue. Keep provisional QA ranges on their explicitly stated bases; they are not conversion factors or production defaults. These are final foreground-package contributions, not replacements for stage quantitative references or stage-native unit-process datasets. Retain stage records separately. Compute normalized amount = attributable raw amount * declared reference quantity / measured accepted final reference-output quantity. Apply normalization exactly once. |
| `stage_throughput_linkage` | stage records and final package contributions | Actual flow property and its stated raw basis | retain native numerator and stage denominator units | Keep the original lot, event, cohort, period and stage denominators with their units. Reconstruct the attributable numerator A with measured stage quantity Q_stage and documented attribution before final normalization. If a quoted amount a_B corresponds to an explicit stage basis B_stage (for example, 1000 kg), use A = a_B * Q_stage / B_stage. If r_stage is already an intensity in exchange-unit per stage-unit, instead use A = r_stage * Q_stage, with no second division by B_stage. A raw attributable total is used directly. Final contribution = A * declared reference quantity / measured accepted final output. Convert compatible units explicitly and apply each attribution/allocation share exactly once; never treat a quoted amount or intensity as a raw total. Link stage transfers, losses, rejects, stocks, shared services and allocation to the same actual route, period and final-output stratum. For a 1000 kg basis retain 1000 kg explicitly. Do not assume unit yield, equal fresh/dried mass, equal head mass, equal dose quality or interchangeable gates. Missing links, unsupported unit conversion, zero denominators and untraceable allocation block dataset production. Stage-native datasets retain their own stage reference; package contributions are a separate projection. |

## 5. System Boundary

### Boundary Abstraction

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| declared_starting_condition | Goats already in or entering the managed herd, with purchased replacement animals and feed explicitly identified |
| starting_condition_role | Foreground herd production beginning at recorded herd entry and feed purchase/grazing boundary |
| product_classification_scope | Raw goat milk only; live-goat and independently transferred manure outputs retain distinct identities |
| recursive_input_rule | A same-category purchased raw goat milk input needs an upstream dataset and separate mass balance, never a second copy of this foreground milk output. |
| upstream_dataset_requirement | Supply verified upstream datasets for purchased replacements, feed, utilities and other purchased inputs; no duplicate replacement-goat burden when a live-goat PCR dataset already carries it. |
| disclosure | Farm gate, grazing/housed share, herd and lactation period, feed origin, manure destinations, milk temperature and rejects, shared equipment and output attribution |

### Boundary Rules

| rule_id | Applies to | Rule | source_ids |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `farm_gate` | all routes | End at producing farm transfer of accepted raw milk; independent collection/cooling and later processing are excluded. | `fao-small-ruminant-2016` |
| `separate_capture` | milking | Milk removal is its own measured handoff from managed herd to raw collected milk; do not book milking services again in herd inventory. | `fao-small-ruminant-2016` |
| `conditional_cooling` | cooling | Farm cooling applies only to milk actually cooled before gate; warm milk bypasses this node. | `fao-small-ruminant-2016` |
| `route_delta` | herd | Grazing/housed/mixed modes change feed source, manure location and energy or housing records; animal-days remain one herd ledger. | `fao-small-ruminant-2016` |
| `phase_boundary` | herd | Record lactation, dry/replacement and culling events by period; carry multi-period burdens to outputs once. | `fao-small-ruminant-2016` |
| `reference_handover_linkage` | actual reference-product boundary | Record reference_handover as the same physical producer handover already represented by its source rows. It must not extend the gate or insert new processing, capture, storage, transport, service or capital burdens. For a unit-process projection, keep the actually operated stage references; the handover record may be a boundary interface in the resulting foreground package, not an invented standalone operation. Select one actual qualified route/output stratum; trace matching source and input as internal transfers and expose the accepted reference product once. If the source already ended at this gate, partition its existing handover responsibility without counting it again. |  |

## 6. Process Inventory Structure

### Process Map

| process_id | process_name | inclusion | inclusion_condition | role | quantitative_reference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `herd` | Managed goat herd | required | Lactating and replacement goats under farm management | Biological production of milk potential; feed, water, animal and manure responsibility | animal-days and accepted milk period |
| `milking` | Milking capture | required | Each accepted or rejected milking lot | Independent removal from herd and collected-liquid handoff | gross captured milk kg |
| `conditioning` | First farm milk conditioning | required | Straining, first quality test and acceptance at producing farm | Raw collected to accepted warm state and rejects | accepted warm milk kg |
| `cooling` | Farm milk cooling | conditional | Producing farm cools milk before gate | Warm accepted to stabilized chilled state | chilled accepted milk kg |
| `reference_handover` | Actual producer reference-product handover | required | One actual declared route, state and producer gate per foreground package | Record the existing physical boundary handover once; linkage/accounting responsibility, not additional treatment or distribution | 1 kg accepted product at the declared handover |

The herd node's intended milk potential transfers once to milking; measured gross milk is recorded at milking, not also as a separate sale. Grazed biomass and housed feed are mutually resolved by site records. Kids/culls and usable exported manure are independently transferred co-products only when documented, whereas residual manure and rejected milk remain waste or internal handling, not invented sales.

### Process: Managed goat herd (`herd`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

###### Supplied herd water (`herd_water`)

Record drinking and managed cleaning water crossing the herd boundary; direct rainfall is not this Product input.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Meter or delivery record allocated to herd use, excluding milking and conditioning meters. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

- Selected flow: Supplied herd water
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_herd`
- Range: Provisional herd water completeness screen
  - Range role: Default estimate (`default_estimate`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000
  - Unit: kg
  - Basis: per kg accepted milk; replace with meters
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

###### Purchased replacement goats (`replacements`)

Include only animals entering the dairy herd from outside; use a verified upstream live-goat burden once.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted milk over attributed periods

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Recorded entering live mass assigned across actual productive periods. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

- Selected flow: Purchased replacement goats
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg live weight
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_herd`
- Range: Provisional replacement screen
  - Range role: Default estimate (`default_estimate`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 10
  - Unit: kg live weight
  - Basis: per kg accepted milk; replace with herd register
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Independently transferred kids and culled goats (`live_goats`)

Count only documented animal handovers; retained replacements are internal transfers, not sold outputs.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Weighed or sampled transfer mass by animal class and handover date. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

- Selected flow: Live goat kids and culled goats
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg live weight
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_herd`
- Range: Provisional live-animal transfer screen
  - Range role: Default estimate (`default_estimate`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 10
  - Unit: kg live weight
  - Basis: per kg accepted milk; replace with handover records
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

###### Independently exported usable manure (`manure_export`)

Count only manure with a documented useful recipient; manure remaining on pasture or handled as waste is not this co-product.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Weighed export mass and moisture by recipient and date. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

- Selected flow: Usable goat manure for independent transfer
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg wet mass
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_manure`
- Range: Provisional exported-manure screen
  - Range role: Default estimate (`default_estimate`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 100
  - Unit: kg wet mass
  - Basis: per kg accepted milk; replace with manure ledger
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

###### Residual manure requiring management (`manure_residue`)

Record collected or deposited manure not independently transferred as product, including pasture deposition by location.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Manure balance by housing, storage, land application and pasture deposition; avoid duplicate entry with exported manure. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

- Selected flow: Residual goat manure
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg wet mass
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_manure`
- Range: Provisional residual-manure screen
  - Range role: Default estimate (`default_estimate`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 100
  - Unit: kg wet mass
  - Basis: per kg accepted milk; replace with balance
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Elementary flows

###### Enteric biogenic methane to air (`enteric_ch4`)

Calculate goat enteric methane from the evidenced herd method and animal-days, separately from manure methane.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Apply declared IPCC enteric method to goat classes and animal-days; disclose factor and climate assumptions. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

- Selected flow: Methane, biogenic, to air `fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a8e8-0050c2490048`
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_emissions`
- Sources: `ipcc-livestock-2019`
- Range: Provisional enteric methane screen
  - Range role: Default estimate (`default_estimate`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 10
  - Unit: kg
  - Basis: per kg accepted milk; replace with calculated value
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

###### Manure biogenic methane to air (`manure_ch4`)

Calculate methane from manure actually assigned to each management pathway, including pasture deposition as relevant.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Apply declared IPCC manure pathway method, not the enteric result a second time. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

- Selected flow: Methane, biogenic, to air `fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a8e8-0050c2490048`
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_emissions`
- Sources: `ipcc-livestock-2019`
- Range: Provisional manure methane screen
  - Range role: Default estimate (`default_estimate`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 10
  - Unit: kg
  - Basis: per kg accepted milk; replace with calculated value
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

###### Manure nitrous oxide to air (`manure_n2o`)

Calculate direct and applicable indirect nitrous oxide separately from goat nitrogen and the documented manure pathway before the assigned-card aggregation.

Coverage of this single N2O card: use calc_manure_n2o_coverage to calculate direct and applicable indirect components separately for the represented node, then report only their non-overlapping molecular-N2O sum assigned to this card. Keep storage and managed-soil calculations distinct. Exclude components explicitly covered by a linked process, retain the coverage evidence, and do not duplicate them as both aggregate and component exchanges. Missing indirect-pathway evidence is not zero.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Use declared IPCC manure nitrogen and pathway method with documented volatilization and leaching boundary. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

- Selected flow: Nitrous oxide to air `08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-94c3-0050c2490048`
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_emissions`
- Sources: `ipcc-livestock-2019`
- Range: Provisional manure nitrous oxide screen
  - Range role: Default estimate (`default_estimate`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1
  - Unit: kg
  - Basis: per kg accepted milk; replace with calculated value
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

###### Manure ammonia to air (`manure_nh3`)

Record ammonia volatilization from the actual manure pathway only where the selected method provides it.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Calculate from collected manure nitrogen and selected volatilization factor; retain factor evidence. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

- Selected flow: Ammonia to air `08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-a2a9-0050c2490048`
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_emissions`
- Sources: `ipcc-livestock-2019`
- Range: Provisional manure ammonia screen
  - Range role: Default estimate (`default_estimate`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1
  - Unit: kg
  - Basis: per kg accepted milk; replace with calculated value
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

### Process: Milking capture (`milking`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

###### Alternating current (`milking_energy_electricity`)

Only for documented alternating-current equipment within this operation. Record voltage and supply technology; convert metered kWh with 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. Other power sources require their actual carrier. Apply `milking_energy_specific_input`; this example is not mandatory. Do not double count inclusive machinery services or a purchased-electricity supply for electricity transferred internally from an on-site generator. Actual fuel combustion and generator emissions remain separately accountable.

- Selected flow: Alternating current `455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca`
- Flow property / unit: Energy (database reference property: net calorific value) `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66` / MJ
- Amount rule: Collect this carrier under `cp_milking` for `milking`. Attribute shared use once; scale attributed raw quantity by the declared reference amount divided by matched accepted final output quantity in the same product unit, retaining measured stage throughput and original allocation rules. Do not normalize an already normalized amount again.
- Value mode: `calculated_value`
- Specificity: `site_specific`
- Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
- Basis kind: `reference_flow`
- Evidence kind: `calculated_from_collection`
- Collection protocol: `cp_milking`
- Sources: `route-energy-fao`

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Gross captured raw goat milk (`gross_milk`)

Milk removed from goats is measured before first straining and acceptance; this internal handoff is not a farm-gate sale.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Sum calibrated milking lot masses, including later rejected portions. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

- Selected flow: Gross captured raw goat milk
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_milking`
- Range: Gross-to-accepted mass reconciliation screen
  - Range role: Default estimate (`default_estimate`)
  - Lower: 1
  - Upper: 10
  - Unit: kg
  - Basis: per kg accepted milk; replace with lot balance
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

### Process: First farm milk conditioning (`conditioning`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

###### First-conditioning water (`conditioning_water`)

Conditional collection requirement: record only actual supplied water crossing for straining, equipment hygiene and first farm quality preparation, excluding herd drinking water. Resolve the concrete water function from site records.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Assigned meter or batch cleaning record. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

- Selected flow: First-conditioning water
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_conditioning`
- Range: Provisional first-conditioning water screen
  - Range role: Default estimate (`default_estimate`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000
  - Unit: kg
  - Basis: per kg accepted milk; replace with meter data
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Accepted warm raw goat milk (`warm_milk`)

This milk is ready for farm-gate handover warm, or for the optional farm cooling node; a cooled lot must not also be sold warm.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted milk at farm gate

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Gross milk less first-conditioning rejects; record warm gate transfers and cooling transfers separately. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Producer-handover linkage: Only when selected as the actual terminal source for this route, this state/gate-specific row supplies the same accepted physical goods to reference_handover_input. In that case it is an internal handover record, not a second external reference sale; otherwise retain its original intermediate role. Retain its exact identity and original route condition. Choose the actual terminal source, not all successive transfers; match the same lot and compatible species/state/gate evidence. A narrower fixed gate or species is never broadened. The handover interface adds no processing, transport, yield assumption or repeated handling burden.

- Selected flow: Accepted warm raw goat milk
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_conditioning`
- Range: Warm milk reconciliation screen
  - Range role: Default estimate (`default_estimate`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 10
  - Unit: kg
  - Basis: per kg accepted milk; warm-only or cooling-bound lot
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

### Process: Farm milk cooling (`cooling`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

###### Alternating current (`cooling_energy_electricity`)

Only for documented alternating-current equipment within this operation. Record voltage and supply technology; convert metered kWh with 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. Other power sources require their actual carrier. Apply `cooling_energy_specific_input`; this example is not mandatory. Do not double count inclusive machinery services or a purchased-electricity supply for electricity transferred internally from an on-site generator. Actual fuel combustion and generator emissions remain separately accountable.

- Selected flow: Alternating current `455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca`
- Flow property / unit: Energy (database reference property: net calorific value) `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66` / MJ
- Amount rule: Collect this carrier under `cp_cooling` for `cooling`. Attribute shared use once; scale attributed raw quantity by the declared reference amount divided by matched accepted final output quantity in the same product unit, retaining measured stage throughput and original allocation rules. Do not normalize an already normalized amount again.
- Value mode: `calculated_value`
- Specificity: `site_specific`
- Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
- Basis kind: `reference_flow`
- Evidence kind: `calculated_from_collection`
- Collection protocol: `cp_cooling`
- Sources: `route-energy-fao`

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Accepted chilled raw goat milk at farm gate (`chilled_milk`)

This is the cooled portion accepted and transferred at the producing farm gate, not milk cooled later by a collection centre.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted milk at farm gate

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Measure cooled accepted mass at gate after any cooling reject or spill. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Producer-handover linkage: Only when selected as the actual terminal source for this route, this state/gate-specific row supplies the same accepted physical goods to reference_handover_input. In that case it is an internal handover record, not a second external reference sale; otherwise retain its original intermediate role. Retain its exact identity and original route condition. Choose the actual terminal source, not all successive transfers; match the same lot and compatible species/state/gate evidence. A narrower fixed gate or species is never broadened. The handover interface adds no processing, transport, yield assumption or repeated handling burden.

- Selected flow: Raw goat milk, chilled, farm gate `2c001731-6bd5-4e32-b3cf-15f4c67d4038`
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_cooling`
- Range: Chilled milk reconciliation screen
  - Range role: Default estimate (`default_estimate`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1
  - Unit: kg
  - Basis: per kg accepted milk at farm gate; replace with gate log
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

###### Cooling loss and rejected chilled milk (`cooling_reject`)

Record milk spilled or rejected during farm-controlled cooling; do not count it as accepted chilled output.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted milk at farm gate

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Incoming warm milk less accepted chilled milk, with rejection reason and destination. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

- Selected flow: Cooling loss and rejected raw goat milk
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_cooling`
- Range: Provisional cooling reject screen
  - Range role: Default estimate (`default_estimate`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 10
  - Unit: kg
  - Basis: per kg accepted milk; replace with tank balance
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Elementary flows

### Process: Actual producer reference-product handover (`reference_handover`)

Instantiate one foreground reference from the actual handed-over lot, with all required qualifiers. The category may cover alternative states and producer gates, but each package has one declared species/state/gate/grade stratum and one measured accepted reference-output denominator. Do not pool incompatible states or claim equal service from equal mass. Route-specific source rows and reference_handover describe the same physical boundary event; their linked internal transfer is not another sale or another physical operation.

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

###### Raw milk of goats at producing farm gate for actual producer-handover linkage (`reference_handover_input`)

This input matches the accepted goods represented by `warm_milk`, `chilled_milk` under their unchanged route conditions. It is an internal source-to-handover linkage, not a newly purchased same-category good and not extra production. The matching source and input cancel at the package boundary.

The actual route/state/gate is selected from foreground handover evidence; retain every required qualifier. Use the actual terminal source for the same accepted physical lot, not every successive stage transfer. Fixed source identities apply only to their exact species/state/gate; use an unbound compatible source role for other covered routes and resolve the actual foreground exchange before final dataset creation.

Selected source/interface rows: `warm_milk`, `chilled_milk`

Required product-instance qualifiers: goat species; farm identifier; lactation and replacement period; herd route; accepted and rejected mass; warm or farm-chilled state; milk temperature; fat/protein or solids; transfer gate; unskimmed/not partly skimmed; measured milk-fat mass fraction at least 3.5% (35 g/kg milk), with lot-matched assay method and sampling date

- Selected flow: Raw milk of goats at producing farm gate for actual producer-handover linkage
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Use measured accepted same-lot quantity reconciled to the linked source rows; normalize once to the declared reference flow.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_reference_handover`

- Range: Exact identity-reconciliation check after normalization, not a production-yield default
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 1
  - Upper: 1
  - Unit: kg
  - Basis: Declared reference quantity; input and output are the same accepted physical goods under the same handover ledger
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Raw milk of goats at producing farm gate (`reference_product_handover`)

This is the actual accepted reference product at the declared producer boundary, measured under cp_reference_handover. It is the sole external reference output; instantiate its real identity from the lot, not a broad fixed UUID.

The actual route/state/gate is selected from foreground handover evidence; retain every required qualifier. Use the actual terminal source for the same accepted physical lot, not every successive stage transfer. Fixed source identities apply only to their exact species/state/gate; use an unbound compatible source role for other covered routes and resolve the actual foreground exchange before final dataset creation.

Selected source/interface rows: `warm_milk`, `chilled_milk`

Required product-instance qualifiers: goat species; farm identifier; lactation and replacement period; herd route; accepted and rejected mass; warm or farm-chilled state; milk temperature; fat/protein or solids; transfer gate; unskimmed/not partly skimmed; measured milk-fat mass fraction at least 3.5% (35 g/kg milk), with lot-matched assay method and sampling date

- Selected flow: Raw milk of goats at producing farm gate
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: 1 kg
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_reference_handover`

- Range: Exact identity-reconciliation check after normalization, not a production-yield default
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 1
  - Upper: 1
  - Unit: kg
  - Basis: Declared reference quantity; input and output are the same accepted physical goods under the same handover ledger
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

## 7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

| rule_id | Applies to | Rule | source_ids |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `output_set` | herd and gate | Enumerate accepted milk, independently handed-over kids/culls and usable exported manure; residual manure, mortality and rejected milk are not automatically co-products. Record each handover once. | `fao-small-ruminant-2016` |
| `allocation_order` | multi-output herd | Prefer physical subdivision of independently metered activities. For inseparable herd burdens, document and apply a consistent biophysical allocation supported by herd energy/feed and milk/live-growth data; if not feasible, disclose and justify another reviewed allocation basis. Do not silently use zero burden for kids or exported manure. | `fao-small-ruminant-2016` |
| `period_attribution` | herd lifecycle | Index lactation, dry/replacement and culling phases; assign multi-period feed, replacement and capital burdens to actual service and output periods once, with no second allocation through live-goat upstream data. | `fao-small-ruminant-2016` |
| `shared_assets` | milking and cooling | Inventory shared buildings, water/energy meters, tanks and equipment by consuming node and service period; assign service share using measured use or documented capacity-time, never duplicate full asset burden. | `fao-small-ruminant-2016` |

| rule_id | Applies to | Rule | source_ids |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `allocation_residual_precedence` | remaining common burden with no specified primary branch | Resolve any study-specific joint-product instruction in this PCR that has no specified primary branch using this precedence; retain an already explicitly prescribed category-specific primary method. First directly assign separable output-specific activities. For the remaining common burden B, use a physical driver d_i only when measured operation or biological-service records demonstrate the causal consumption represented by that driver. A product being weighable, valuable or lower grade alone is insufficient; do not switch arbitrarily between area, time, mass and revenue. For comparable grades receiving the same common handling, measured processed mass is applicable only with the same service demand, state and moisture basis demonstrated. Share a_i=d_i/sum(d_j); B_i=B*a_i. If no defensible causal physical driver exists for that common operation, use gate- and period-matched economic shares a_i=(q_i*p_i)/sum(q_j*p_j), with the complete independently intended output set, compatible quantity/price units, currency, representative prices and values before output-specific downstream processing. Missing price or denominator evidence makes the allocated result incomplete, not a zero-priced product or a single-output system. Report shares summing to one and sensitivity to a material alternative; an alternative is not an interchangeable primary result. Waste, retained residues and internal transfers receive no co-product share, while their attributable production/handling burdens remain with the producing saleable route. Retain unallocated physical quantities and mass balances separately. This branch gives no automatic substitution credit; any separately scoped substitution analysis retains the gross inventory and its actual displaced-function evidence. | `ghg-protocol-product-standard-2011` |

## 8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

### Specific input identification before dataset completion

Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.

| requirement_id | collection_protocol_id | Preserved collection scope |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `feed_specific_input` | `cp_herd` | Operation herd: Record purchased feed and actual grazed biomass by dry matter and origin; distinguish purchased input from farm-grown feed already inside this foreground boundary. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Use separate feed-supply, intake and loss ledgers under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. The quantity carrying feed-production burden includes in-boundary refusals, spoilage and uneaten feed; it is not reduced to animal intake. Retain source, species/cohort, phase and original mass/moisture basis. Calculate the final contribution with inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage exactly once. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden. |
| `milking_energy_specific_input` | `cp_milking` | Operation milking: Include measured electricity or fuel used by milking equipment, not cooling energy. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg gross captured milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Meter or fuel log assigned to milking shift. Original collection denominator kind: process_output. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. |
| `cooling_energy_specific_input` | `cp_cooling` | Operation cooling: Include only energy used by cooling equipment controlled by the producing farm before gate. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg farm-chilled accepted milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Cooling meter or assigned equipment log, with shared tank service allocated once. Original collection denominator kind: process_output. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. |


### Data Collection Protocols

| protocol_id | process_id | flow_role | record_type | raw_fields | collection_method | unit | frequency | temporal_coverage | site_scope | aggregation_rule | quality_evidence |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `cp_herd` | `herd` | feed, water, replacement and animal outputs | herd and purchase ledger | goat class; head; animal-days; lactation phase; feed dry matter; grazing estimate; water; purchase and transfer live mass | farm logs, scale, invoices and meter; Raw aggregation requirements: Use calc_feed_supply_and_intake to distinguish supplied feed carrying production burden, actual intake and losses; preserve all native stock and period records, then normalize the attributable quantity once to accepted final output. `feed_specific_input`: Operation herd: Record purchased feed and actual grazed biomass by dry matter and origin; distinguish purchased input from farm-grown feed already inside this foreground boundary. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Use separate feed-supply, intake and loss ledgers under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. The quantity carrying feed-production burden includes in-boundary refusals, spoilage and uneaten feed; it is not reduced to animal intake. Retain source, species/cohort, phase and original mass/moisture basis. Calculate the final contribution with inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage exactly once. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default. | kg, head, days | daily and event | full milk reporting period and replacement phase | producing herd | per reference flow | signed ledger, scale and invoices; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_manure` | `herd` | exported and residual manure | manure pathway ledger | housing/pasture shares; collection; storage; export mass; moisture; recipient | weighbridge, farm log and pathway inspection; Raw aggregation requirements: Reconcile total manure by mutually exclusive destination. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. | kg, days | daily and event | full reporting period | herd pasture and housing | per reference flow | transfer receipts and pathway record; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_emissions` | `herd` | air emissions | method worksheet | animal-days; feed energy; nitrogen; manure pathway; factor; climate | calculate from `cp_herd` and `cp_manure` under declared IPCC method; Raw aggregation requirements: Sum distinct enteric and manure terms once. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. | kg | reporting period | same herd period | emitting farm | per reference flow | factor citation and calculation worksheet; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_milking` | `milking` | gross milk and energy | batch meter log | goat herd; milk kg; milking time; meter; rejected later | calibrated milk scale and energy meter; Raw aggregation requirements: Sum gross lot mass and assigned milking energy. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. `milking_energy_specific_input`: Operation milking: Include measured electricity or fuel used by milking equipment, not cooling energy. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg gross captured milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Meter or fuel log assigned to milking shift. Original collection denominator kind: process_output. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default. | kg, kWh | each milking | full reporting period | producing farm | per reference flow | calibration, shift log; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_conditioning` | `conditioning` | accepted warm milk, rejects and water | lot quality and cleaning log | gross kg; straining loss; rejected kg; temperature; fat/protein or solids; water | scale, sample and water meter; Raw aggregation requirements: Gross = accepted warm + reject/loss; transfer warm to gate or cooling once. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. `conditioning_reject_specific_output`: Record rejected or spilled milk and retained straining residues with documented treatment; do not assign them accepted milk status. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Measure rejected milk mass and separately describe residue destination. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. This is a mandatory specific-output collection requirement, not a selected exchange. Preserve every actual waste, residue, reject and co-product from this operation. Create separate cards for physically distinct streams with actual material, composition/state, quantity, receiving route and Product/Waste role before dataset completeness; verify a compatible UUID or explicitly retain its unresolved identity. A genuinely mixed stream may remain one physically defined mixture supported by composition records; never invent separation or count its components again. Keep liquid and solid treatment quantities separate. Preserve original period, output balance, reference normalization and allocation rules; missing records do not establish zero or exclusion.  | kg, concentration | each lot | full reporting period | producing farm | per reference flow | test sheet and reject disposition; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_cooling` | `cooling` | chilled milk and energy | farm cooling log | incoming warm kg; outgoing chilled kg; temperature; energy; time; losses | calibrated tank and energy meter; Raw aggregation requirements: Incoming warm = chilled accepted + cooling loss; never duplicate warm sale. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. `cooling_energy_specific_input`: Operation cooling: Include only energy used by cooling equipment controlled by the producing farm before gate. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg farm-chilled accepted milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Cooling meter or assigned equipment log, with shared tank service allocated once. Original collection denominator kind: process_output. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default. | kg, kWh, temperature | each chilled lot | only farm-controlled cooling periods | producing farm | per reference flow | tank log and transfer receipt; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_reference_handover` | `reference_handover` | accepted product and matched internal source transfer | producer handover ledger | lot_id, species, state, grade, route_id, gate, period, accepted_quantity, native_unit, source_row_id, source_lot_id, allocation_link | Measure accepted net product at the same actual gate; reconcile the listed state/gate-specific source rows and the linked input with this single physical output. Keep rejects, stock changes and other sales separate. No additional handling or transport is imputed. | kg; native source quantities | each actual handover | matched source and handover periods | declared producer gate only | per reference flow | traceable acceptance record, same-lot source-to-output ledger, calibrated quantity method and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_feed_supply_and_intake` | `herd` | Feed supply, intake and loss | stock, receipt, issue and loss ledger | feed identity/source; cohort/phase; period; opening/closing stock; receipts; on-site provision; unused returns/transfers; uneaten/spoiled mass and destination; as-fed/DM; actual intake; burden owner; accepted final output | Reconcile matched stock, scales, ration/forage estimates and disposal records under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Keep raw totals and stage denominators; assign production and treatment burden once, then normalize to accepted final output. | kg as-fed; kg DM | each issue and period close | complete represented cohort/period | actual operated feeding nodes | per reference flow | stock and supplier records; moisture evidence; loss and no-duplication reconciliation |
| `cp_manure_n2o_coverage` | `herd` | Direct and indirect manure/soil N2O coverage | pathway N ledger and method worksheet | species/class; period; excreted N; stage stocks/transfers; system shares; volatilised NH3-N/NOx-N; leached/runoff N; application/grazing N; factor source, unit and applicability; direct/indirect components; receiving medium; linked process and assigned card; accepted final output | Retain raw stage N and component calculations under calc_manure_n2o_coverage, matched to actual operation and existing manure protocols. Document unsupported or inapplicable paths and coverage boundaries; normalize attributable N2O once. | kg N; kg N2O | each reporting period and management change | complete represented management period | actual operated and explicitly linked nodes | per reference flow | N balance, factor unit/applicability, component-to-card and no-duplication worksheet |

### Calculation Rules

| rule_id | Applies to | Formula or rule | Inputs | Output | source_ids |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `milk_balance` | milk lots | Gross captured milk = accepted warm milk + first-conditioning rejects; accepted warm milk = warm gate transfer + cooling input; cooling input = chilled gate transfer + cooling loss. | `cp_milking`, `cp_conditioning`, `cp_cooling` | accepted reference kg and losses | `fao-small-ruminant-2016` |
| `herd_intensity` | herd inputs | Period assigned quantity / accepted milk kg after documented output and period attribution. | `cp_herd`, `cp_manure`, `cp_conditioning` | reference-normalized herd inventory | `fao-small-ruminant-2016` |
| `enteric_and_manure` | air emissions | Calculate distinct goat enteric methane and manure CH4/N2O under declared IPCC pathway and factor set; ammonia only with documented volatilization method. | `cp_emissions` | kg of each substance to air | `ipcc-livestock-2019` |
| `calc_feed_supply_and_intake` | `feed` | Feed supply used by the represented operation = opening feed stock + receipts + on-site feed entering the operation - closing feed stock - documented unused returns or transfers out. Retain in-boundary spoilage, refusals and discarded leftovers in that supply. Actual intake = that supply - measured uneaten/discarded losses, after matching moisture/DM and period; use intake only for nutrition/metabolism. Opening stock retains its prior burden and is not another purchase. Trace any unused return or transfer and its burden destination; no automatic substitution credit. Attribute production once, through either the purchased-feed dataset or the represented on-site crop/collection node, never both for the same feed. Include actual waste treatment and manure contributions once, not as a second feed-production burden. | `cp_feed_supply_and_intake` | separate feed supply, intake and loss quantities, in matched as-fed/DM units | `fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018` |
| `calc_manure_n2o_coverage` | `manure_n2o` | For each actual manure stage, calculate direct N2O, volatilisation/deposition-derived indirect N2O, and applicable leaching/runoff-derived indirect N2O separately with documented species/system activity and factor basis. Convert N2O-N to molecular N2O by 44/28 once; do not reconvert molecular masses. Retain component worksheets. Where an existing N2O card covers both direct and indirect emissions, report their non-overlapping sum; where separate direct/indirect cards exist, assign each component once to its matching card and never also report the sum. Pasture deposition and land application use the managed-soil method, not a manure-storage factor. Assign foreground versus linked treatment/pasture coverage explicitly; a manure export does not erase earlier emissions, and already covered downstream emissions are not repeated. Account for stock, transfers and previous N losses in the nitrogen cascade; indirect N2O is a downstream transformation of its precursor, not a second source-stage N loss. Normalize attributed molecular masses once to the accepted reference output. Document inapplicability; absent pathway data are not zero. | `cp_manure_n2o_coverage` | kg molecular N2O by pathway and assigned existing card | `ipcc-livestock-2019`; `ipcc-managed-soils-2019` |
| `chemical_species_mass_accounting` | `elementary_nutrient_emissions` | Final elementary exchanges use the mass of the identified substance and one actual receiving compartment. Keep nutrient/activity ledgers separate: species-specific N2O-N × 44/28 gives N2O, NH3-N × 17/14 gives NH3, nitrate-N × 62/14 gives nitrate, and phosphate-P × 95/31 gives phosphate. If the selected flow is elemental phosphorus instead, report kg P and convert phosphate mass by 31/95 only when that species basis is evidenced. Apply a conversion exactly once only when the method output is on the elemental basis; measured compound mass is not reconverted. Total nutrient losses cannot be assigned to a single species without a supported split, and residual/retained soil nutrient is not an emission. Keep direct/indirect pathway ledgers and avoid repeating a pathway already included in the chosen method or upstream inventory. Factor uncertainty ranges screen factors on their stated basis, not final compound amounts or admissible site emissions. Normalize the attributable compound mass once using the accepted reference quantity and the matched measured output. Unknown activity, identity or compartment remains an evidence gap and blocks a completeness claim. | `cp_emissions`; species-specific activity ledger, method pathway and factor basis, matched accepted output | Identity-specific exchanges and reconciled activity records |  |

### Data Quality Requirements

| requirement_id | Applies to | Requirement | Evidence |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `species_route` | herd | Prove goat species, actual grazing/housed shares and goat-class animal-days; do not import cow or sheep coefficients without justified adaptation. | herd register, grazing and housing records |
| `mass_balance` | milk | Link accepted, rejected and cooling transfers by lot; retain temperature and quality sample basis. | signed batch balance and laboratory sheet |
| `phase_match` | allocation | Align animal, feed, manure, replacement and asset records with actual lactation and reporting period. | dated herd and asset ledger |
| `identity_gap` | UUIDs | Resolve broad reference and every unbound output/management identity before active/publication use. | flow detail and support-row confirmation |

## 9. Validation Rules

| rule_id | Applies to | Rule | source_ids |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `v_cpc_milk_scope` | final reference product and classification | Check the lot-matched measured milk-fat fraction is at least 3.5% (35 g/kg milk) and that the milk is neither skimmed nor partly skimmed. Reject use of this exact CPC-linked scope for lower-fat or separated milk; missing evidence leaves classification eligibility undetermined, not assumed. Do not reinterpret this as a quality acceptance limit or change the actual composition. | `un-cpc-3-02292` |
| `gate_check` | reference | Confirm goat raw milk is warm or cooled by the producing farm; reject independent-centre or processed milk as this reference. | `fao-small-ruminant-2016` |
| `route_check` | herd | Verify grazing, housed or mixed route against feed origin, manure location and animal-days; no route label without changed records. | `fao-small-ruminant-2016` |
| `balance_check` | milk | Require lot balance and distinct warm/chilled gate destinations; zero double booking across conditioning and cooling. | `fao-small-ruminant-2016` |
| `output_check` | co-products | Require documented live-goat and manure handovers, method precedence and shared-period attribution; no burden counted twice. | `fao-small-ruminant-2016` |
| `identity_check` | flow cards | Check exact substance, medium, property, state and gate for fixed UUIDs; expand unresolved inputs from actual records, and leave unverified identities unresolved. |  |
| `v_foreground_emission_responsibility` | Actual operated nodes and linked services | Record responsibility for on-site fuel combustion and refrigerant leakage when applicable: either quantified foreground emissions or a named linked process explicitly covering them, never merely a fuel-supply or electricity-production input. Assess special-taxon biological and residue emissions using species/route evidence, without a generic livestock factor. Identify any unresolved pathway and withhold a completeness claim; document supported absence and prevent duplicate upstream/downstream accounting. | |
| `v_feed_supply_intake_separation` | All feed inputs | Reject an upstream feed inventory reduced by in-boundary refusal, spoilage or discarded leftovers without retaining their production burden. Reconcile supply, intake, stock, transfers and loss destinations under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Do not reuse intake as supplied feed, assume zero-burden on-site feed or grant automatic avoided-product credits. | `fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018` |
| `v_manure_n2o_coverage` | Applicable manure and managed-soil N pathways | Require explicit direct and indirect pathway coverage, stage N balances and molecular-mass conversion. Map each component to an existing N2O card or an explicitly covering linked process once under calc_manure_n2o_coverage. Missing indirect-pathway evidence prevents a completeness claim; no default zero or duplicate aggregate-plus-components. | `ipcc-livestock-2019`; `ipcc-managed-soils-2019` |

## 10. Published Dataset Profile

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| dataset_role | Foreground farm-gate goat milk data package; process and lifecyclemodel projections follow it. |
| downstream_use | Reviewed secondary or background dataset only after all identity and evidence gates close. |
| allowed_use | Unprocessed goat milk supply at a declared producing farm gate and temperature state. |
| excluded_use | Other species, pasteurized or standardized dairy, independent collection/cooling and post-gate transport. |
| required_metadata | Farm and herd; period; goat class; grazing/housed route; accepted and rejected milk; warm/chilled lot gate; composition; temperature; co-product destinations; allocation. |
| required_quality_disclosure | Measured versus calculated inputs, IPCC factors, missing meters, provisional ranges, unresolved UUIDs and shared-asset attribution. |
| update_trigger | Material route, milk state, herd management, factor, output mix, gate, identity or quality evidence changes. |

## 11. Data Sources

| source_id | type | reference | use |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `un-cpc-3-02292` | official_guidance | [UN Statistics Division, CPC 3.0 02292: explanatory note](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Structure/Detail/EN/2100/02292) | Species-specific classification scope and low-fat/skimmed/partly skimmed exclusion; not a general quality or emission threshold |
| `cpc-3-2025` | `official_guidance` | UN Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes (2025), https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf | Classification product scope |
| `fao-small-ruminant-2016` | `official_guidance` | FAO LEAP, Greenhouse gas emissions and fossil energy use from small ruminant supply chains (2016), https://www.fao.org/partnerships/leap/resources/publications/ | Farm route, boundary, allocation and reporting questions |
| `fao-small-ruminant-dairy` | `official_guidance` | FAO, Small ruminants: dairy production and products, https://www.fao.org/dairy-production-products/dairy/small-ruminants/en | Goat milk production context |
| `ipcc-livestock-2019` | `method_factor` | IPCC, 2019 Refinement, Volume 4 Chapter 10, https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch10_Livestock.pdf | Enteric and manure emission calculation methods |
| `fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018` | official_guidance | [FAO 2018, Environmental performance of pig supply chains, section 11.2.2](https://www.fao.org/4/i8686en/I8686EN.pdf) | Feed supply versus intake and waste burden, not animal parameters. Applying this accounting principle to the declared taxon is this PCR's methodological choice; no pig diet or emission factor is transferred. |
| `ipcc-managed-soils-2019` | official_guidance | [IPCC 2019 Refinement, Volume 4, Chapter 11](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch11_Soils_N2O_CO2.pdf) | Direct/indirect nitrogen pathways and coordination of manure storage with managed-soil emissions; select applicable species and management evidence. |
| `route-energy-fao` | official_guidance | FAO, Energy-smart food for people and climate (2011), Annex 2; and Energy use in agriculture and industry, Annex IV. https://www.fao.org/4/i2454e/i2454e00.pdf ; https://www.fao.org/4/Q1085e/q1085e0d.htm | Equipment/carrier possibilities only; site records govern applicability. No intensity, fuel share or default recipe is adopted. |
| `ghg-protocol-product-standard-2011` | standard | WRI/WBCSD, Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard (2011), Chapter 9, https://ghgprotocol.org/sites/default/files/standards/Product-Life-Cycle-Accounting-Reporting-Standard_041613.pdf | General allocation hierarchy and comparable-gate economic basis. Applicability conditions and the explicit residual branch are this PCR's method convention; no product-specific causal coefficient, price or output quantity is prescribed by this source. |