---
pcr_id: pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.live-animals-and-animal-products-excluding-meat.raw-hides-and-skins-of-equine-animals
language: en-US
status: candidate
sync_with: pcr.zh-CN.md
---

# Raw hides and skins of equine animals

## 1. Scope and Applicability

Covers equine hides fresh or preserved but not further prepared. Declare species, working/breeding/meat history, terminal event, slaughter or lawful fallen-animal recovery, grade, preservation and actual gate. Do not assume every skin comes from food slaughter or treat hide as burden-free waste. Exclude other species, isolated hair, tanned leather, liming/dehairing and post-gate distribution.

## 2. Product Category Identity

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| canonical_pcr_id | pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.live-animals-and-animal-products-excluding-meat.raw-hides-and-skins-of-equine-animals |
| classification_refs | CPC 3.0 `02952` |
| covered_products | Fresh or preserved but not further prepared equine raw hides and skins |
| excluded_products | Other species, isolated hair, tanned leather and leather-processing services |
| representative_product | 1 kg net as-sold equine raw hide at actual pre-tannery handover |
| production_route | animal service and terminal event → removal/recovery → first conditioning → grading → optional preservation → protective handover |
| market_state | Fresh, chilled, dried, salted or brined; disclose moisture, salt and grade |

## 3. Reference Flow

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| What | Accepted as-sold equine raw hide at actual gate |
| How much | 1 kg net; excludes detachable package and free brine |
| How well | species, provenance, grade, moisture/salt condition, preservation route, legality |
| How long or cycle | one terminal-event-to-handover lot; attribute animal service and shared assets across actual periods |
| reference_flow_link | `equine_raw_hide` |

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Reference amount | 1 |
| Reference product flow | Equine raw hide at actual pre-tannery handover |
| Reference flow property | Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` |
| Reference unit group | Mass `93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66` |
| Reference unit | kg |
| Required qualifiers | species; use history; terminal event; legal source; recovery route; grade; state; moisture/salt; package; actual gate; period |

## 4. Measurement and Unit Rules

| rule_id | Applies to | Required property | Required unit | Rule |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `net_mass` | reference and intermediate hides | Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` | kg | Weigh net by state; exclude detachable package and free brine |
| `state_conversion` | fresh versus preserved | Mass | kg | No cross-state kg conversion without measured masses, moisture and retained salt |
| `period_link` | animal and shared service | Time and mass | year, kg | Link inputs, terminal event and assets to actual periods before normalization |
| `inventory_reference_normalization` | all inventory rows | Actual flow property | exchange unit per reference flow | The inventory and collection aggregation fields below express final amounts per declared reference flow. Keep all raw collection records, original denominator qualifiers, route/period strata, unit conversions and allocation requirements. For each flow, first obtain its attributable amount in its own numerator unit using the existing rules; then divide by the measured accepted reference-output quantity of the same scope and multiply by the declared reference quantity. Do not mix species, states, gates or incompatible routes; count transfers and shared burdens once. A missing, zero or untraceable accepted-output denominator is a blocking data-quality issue. Keep provisional QA ranges on their explicitly stated bases; they are not conversion factors or production defaults. These are final foreground-package contributions, not replacements for stage quantitative references or stage-native unit-process datasets. Retain stage records separately. Compute normalized amount = attributable raw amount * declared reference quantity / measured accepted final reference-output quantity. Apply normalization exactly once. |
| `stage_throughput_linkage` | stage records and final package contributions | Actual flow property and its stated raw basis | retain native numerator and stage denominator units | Keep the original lot, event, cohort, period and stage denominators with their units. Reconstruct the attributable numerator A with measured stage quantity Q_stage and documented attribution before final normalization. If a quoted amount a_B corresponds to an explicit stage basis B_stage (for example, 1000 kg), use A = a_B * Q_stage / B_stage. If r_stage is already an intensity in exchange-unit per stage-unit, instead use A = r_stage * Q_stage, with no second division by B_stage. A raw attributable total is used directly. Final contribution = A * declared reference quantity / measured accepted final output. Convert compatible units explicitly and apply each attribution/allocation share exactly once; never treat a quoted amount or intensity as a raw total. Link stage transfers, losses, rejects, stocks, shared services and allocation to the same actual route, period and final-output stratum. For a 1000 kg basis retain 1000 kg explicitly. Do not assume unit yield, equal fresh/dried mass, equal head mass, equal dose quality or interchangeable gates. Missing links, unsupported unit conversion, zero denominators and untraceable allocation block dataset production. Stage-native datasets retain their own stage reference; package contributions are a separate projection. |

## 5. System Boundary

### Boundary Abstraction

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| declared_starting_condition | Identified equine service-history start or compatible upstream animal dataset, followed by actual slaughter or lawful fallen-animal recovery |
| starting_condition_role | Disclose working, breeding, meat or mixed role and terminal event; no assumed meat route |
| product_classification_scope | CPC 3.0 `02952` |
| recursive_input_rule | Purchased same-category hide entering curing retains upstream dataset and is not counted as newly produced animal output |
| upstream_dataset_requirement | Route/period-compatible animal service, slaughter/recovery, salt, energy and packaging data |
| disclosure | species, provenance, service periods, terminal event, actual output set, attribution, state, grade, gate and coverage |

### Boundary Rules

| rule_id | Applies to | Rule | source_ids |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `route_gate` | all routes | End at actual farm-slaughter, slaughterhouse, recovery or curing handover; include actual conditioning, grading, optional preservation and protection; exclude tanning and later transport | `un-cpc-3`; `fao-hides-2009` |
| `separate_removal` | terminal event | Removal or lawful recovery is a distinct node with wet skin, incidental residues and losses | `fao-hides-statistics` |
| `source_interface` | animal to removal | The provenance node is a linked-upstream source interface, not a duplicate husbandry process. Exactly one route-specific body handoff enters removal with the same animal ID and measured mass: live Product for slaughter, or fallen-body Waste only where that is its actual legal flow role. Product-status fallen recovery requires a separate verified Product identity before exchange generation. | `fao-hides-statistics` |
| `grades_states` | conditioning to grading | Separate raw/prepared and accepted/downgraded/rejected destinations; do not mix waste with product | `fao-hides-2009` |
| `preserve_pack` | optional stabilization | Fresh bypasses preservation; chilled/dried/salted routes record actual inputs, residues, losses and package reuse | `fao-hides-2009`; `unido-leather-2015` |
| `shared_period` | animal and site | Assign animal service and shared removal/curing/packing assets to actual users and periods once | `fao-hides-statistics` |

## 6. Process Inventory Structure

### Process Map

| process_id | process_name | inclusion | inclusion_condition | role | quantitative_reference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `animal` | Equine provenance and supply handoff | required | required | Link upstream animal-service dataset and record actual terminal output set, without duplicating husbandry exchanges | measured terminal lot |
| `removal` | Terminal handling, hide removal or recovery | required | required | Independent collection of wet raw hide | measured lot |
| `conditioning` | First raw-hide conditioning | required | required | First cleaning, fleshing and trimming | measured lot |
| `grading` | Raw-hide grading | required | required | Accepted, downgraded and rejected destinations | measured lot |
| `preservation` | Raw-hide preservation | conditional | conditional | Fresh bypass; chilled, dried, salted or brined when actual | measured lot |
| `handover` | Protective presentation and handover | required | required | Final as-sold hide at declared gate | measured lot |

### Process: Equine provenance and supply handoff (`animal`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

This node links a compatible upstream animal-service dataset to one traced body handoff; it does not manufacture animal mass. Animal feed, water and other husbandry inputs belong in that linked dataset unless the foreground boundary is explicitly extended and independently inventoried; they are not one composite Product flow. Each terminal event selects one of the two mutually exclusive handoff cards below, and its measured body mass must equal the matched removal input.


##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Live equine animal to terminal handling (`live_equine_handoff`)

Traceable live equine animal entering actual slaughter and hide removal.

Denominator and scope requirements：per terminal event

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Record live mass and animal ID for actual slaughter route only. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Traceable live equine animal entering actual slaughter and hide removal (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Route-specific (`route_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_animal`
- Range: Provisional handoff mass screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000000
  - Unit: kg per event
  - Basis: measured handoff mass; not a default factor
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

###### Fallen equine body to lawful recovery (`fallen_body_handoff`)

Fallen equine body lawfully routed to hide recovery only where its actual legal role is Waste, not a meat product.

Denominator and scope requirements：per terminal event

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Record body mass, death event and lawful recovery destination for fallen route only. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Fallen equine body lawfully routed to hide recovery, not a meat product (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Route-specific (`route_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_animal`
- Range: Provisional handoff mass screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000000
  - Unit: kg per event
  - Basis: measured handoff mass; not a default factor
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Elementary flows


### Process: Terminal handling, hide removal or recovery (`removal`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

###### Live equine animal entering terminal handling (`live_equine_input`)

Live equine animal from the matched provenance handoff.

Denominator and scope requirements：per terminal event

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Match animal ID, live mass and slaughter event one-to-one with upstream handoff. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Live equine animal from the matched provenance handoff (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Route-specific (`route_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_removal`
- Range: Provisional handoff mass screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000000
  - Unit: kg per event
  - Basis: measured handoff mass; not a default factor
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

###### Fallen equine body entering recovery (`fallen_body_input`)

Fallen equine body from the matched lawful recovery handoff only where its actual legal role is Waste.

Denominator and scope requirements：per terminal event

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Match death event, mass and lawful recovery handoff one-to-one. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Fallen equine body from the matched lawful recovery handoff (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Route-specific (`route_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_removal`
- Range: Provisional handoff mass screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000000
  - Unit: kg per event
  - Basis: measured handoff mass; not a default factor
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Elementary flows

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Collected wet raw equine skin (`collected_skin`)

Wet ungraded equine skin before first conditioning.

Denominator and scope requirements：per recorded lot or reference product

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Weigh at independent removal or recovery handoff. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Wet ungraded equine skin before first conditioning (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_removal`
- Range: Provisional completeness screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000000
  - Unit: kg per event
  - Basis: measured relevant lot flow; not a default factor
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

###### Terminal-event residues (`terminal_residues`)

Non-product carcass residue sent to actual treatment.

Denominator and scope requirements：per recorded lot or reference product

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Weigh separately from intended products and record legal treatment destination. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Non-product carcass residue sent to actual treatment (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_removal`
- Range: Provisional completeness screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000000
  - Unit: kg per event
  - Basis: measured relevant lot flow; not a default factor
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

###### Removal residues (`removal_residues`)

Non-product flesh and damaged skin to treatment.

Denominator and scope requirements：per recorded lot or reference product

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Record each residue and destination without subtracting it invisibly from hide yield. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Non-product flesh and damaged skin to treatment (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_removal`
- Range: Provisional completeness screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000000
  - Unit: kg per event
  - Basis: measured relevant lot flow; not a default factor
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Elementary flows


### Process: First raw-hide conditioning (`conditioning`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

###### First-conditioning water (`conditioning_water`)

Water supplied for actual first washing or rinsing.

Denominator and scope requirements：per recorded lot or reference product

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Meter the water used; omit when no washing occurs. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Water supplied for actual first washing or rinsing (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_conditioning`
- Range: Provisional completeness screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000000
  - Unit: kg per kg prepared hide
  - Basis: measured relevant lot flow; not a default factor
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### First-conditioned raw hide (`prepared_hide`)

Cleaned, fleshed or trimmed equine hide before grading.

Denominator and scope requirements：per recorded lot or reference product

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Weigh prepared raw hide; no liming, dehairing or tanning. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Cleaned, fleshed or trimmed equine hide before grading (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_conditioning`
- Range: Provisional completeness screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000000
  - Unit: kg per lot
  - Basis: measured relevant lot flow; not a default factor
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows


### Process: Raw-hide grading (`grading`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Accepted raw-hide grades (`accepted_grade`)

Accepted equine raw hide to fresh handover or preservation.

Denominator and scope requirements：per recorded lot or reference product

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Weigh each accepted grade and handover separately. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Accepted equine raw hide to fresh handover or preservation (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_grading`
- Range: Provisional completeness screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000000
  - Unit: kg per lot
  - Basis: measured relevant lot flow; not a default factor
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

###### Downgraded but saleable hide (`downgraded_grade`)

Independently marketable lower-grade equine raw hide.

Denominator and scope requirements：per recorded lot or reference product

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Retain as product only with actual independent buyer or handover. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Independently marketable lower-grade equine raw hide (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_grading`
- Range: Provisional completeness screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000000
  - Unit: kg per lot
  - Basis: measured relevant lot flow; not a default factor
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

###### Rejected unsaleable hide (`rejected_hide`)

Rejected equine hide sent to actual treatment.

Denominator and scope requirements：per recorded lot or reference product

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Weigh and record treatment destination, not reference-product mass. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Rejected equine hide sent to actual treatment (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_grading`
- Range: Provisional completeness screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000000
  - Unit: kg per lot
  - Basis: measured relevant lot flow; not a default factor
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Elementary flows


### Process: Raw-hide preservation (`preservation`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

###### Electricity at the equipment supply point (`preservation_energy_electricity`)

**Collection scope and applicability for preservation_energy.** The following concrete identities have separate cards and apply only when use or generation is evidenced inside the original process scope. They are not mandatory inputs or a default recipe. Document non-use; missing records are not zero. Add a separate concrete card for any other actual material instead of substituting one of these names or UUIDs. Preserve attribution and boundaries and avoid double counting components included in outsourced services.

Energy carrier for actual refrigeration or drying.
Denominator and scope requirements：per recorded lot or reference product
Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Meter bounded preservation energy and determine carrier from records. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Retain the electricity supply point, fuel grade, density and heating-value basis. Distinguish purchased heat from on-site fuel conversion without counting its input fuel again.

- Selected flow: Alternating current `455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca`
- Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
- Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under `cp_preservation` and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
- Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_preservation`
- Sources: `fao-agricultural-energy`

This binding is alternating current at the use point with supply technology, voltage and provider unspecified. Confirm actual AC supply; DC requires a different identity. The database reference is 1 MJ: preserve meter kWh and convert once using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ when linking reference quantities. Internal generation links to its foreground generator, without an additional purchased-electricity burden.

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Preserved usable raw hide (`preserved_hide`)

Chilled, dried, salted or brined equine raw hide.

Denominator and scope requirements：per recorded lot or reference product

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Weigh output with moisture and retained-salt condition. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Chilled, dried, salted or brined equine raw hide (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_preservation`
- Range: Provisional completeness screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000000
  - Unit: kg per lot
  - Basis: measured relevant lot flow; not a default factor
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows


### Process: Protective presentation and handover (`handover`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Equine raw hide at declared handover (`equine_raw_hide`)

Accepted as-sold equine raw hide at pre-tannery gate.

Raw reference-output records: Weigh net hide excluding detachable packaging and free brine. Preserve the measured accepted lot quantity and every required qualifier. The amount below is the normalized reference exchange, not an assertion that a physical lot contains only one unit.

Denominator and scope requirements：per reference flow

- Selected flow: Equine raw hide at actual pre-tannery handover
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: 1 kg
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_handover`
- Range: Provisional completeness screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 1
  - Upper: 1
  - Unit: kg per kg reference
  - Basis: measured relevant lot flow; not a default factor
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

## 7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

| rule_id | Applies to | Rule | source_ids |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `animal_history` | animal service | Link actual working, breeding, meat or mixed-use periods and terminal event; use defensible physical causality, otherwise documented economic relation and sensitivity; neither assign all animal burden to one hide nor default to zero | `fao-hides-statistics` |
| `terminal_outputs` | slaughter or recovery | Enumerate only actual independent hide, carcass/meat and other product handovers; invent no meat for fallen recovery; separate residues and waste; allocation shares sum to one | `fao-hides-statistics` |
| `facility_shared` | removal to handover | Assign shared room, equipment, meter and reusable container once by consuming node, lot and period using recorded hours or throughput | `fao-hides-2009` |
| `grade_products` | grading | Accepted and independently saleable downgraded grades are intended products; rejects, spent brine, trims and package waste follow actual destinations; no duplicate handover | `fao-hides-2009` |

Concrete cards do not inherit numerical ranges from the former aggregate card. Determine quantities from original records, stock/meter reconciliation and the declared reference flow; no default quantity or numeric screen is supplied without evidence matching the identity, unit, period and boundary. Missing range evidence is a quality disclosure, not zero use or proof of completeness.

## 8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

### Specific input identification before dataset completion

Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.

| requirement_id | collection_protocol_id | Preserved collection scope |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `preservation_salt_specific_input` | `cp_preservation` | Operation preservation: Actually purchased salt or brine for salted route. Denominator and scope requirements：per recorded lot or reference product Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Measure added, retained and spent salt separately; omit for nonsalted route. Original collection denominator kind: process_output. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. |
| `protective_packaging_specific_input` | `cp_handover` | Operation handover: Package function for final raw-hide protection. Denominator and scope requirements：per recorded lot or reference product Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Record new material versus reusable container service; no post-gate logistics. Original collection denominator kind: process_output. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. |


### Data Collection Protocols

| protocol_id | process_id | flow_role | record_type | raw_fields | collection_method | unit | frequency | temporal_coverage | site_scope | aggregation_rule | quality_evidence |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `cp_animal` | `animal` | Animal history and actual output set | lot/event record | animal/lot ID, before/after mass, state, inputs, outputs, destinations, time, gate | meters, scale tickets, transaction and operator records; Raw aggregation requirements: sum and reconcile by state, grade, period and destination. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. | kg, h | per lot/event | all reference periods | actual site | per reference flow | calibration, tickets, invoices; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_removal` | `removal` | Independent collection of wet raw hide | lot/event record | animal/lot ID, before/after mass, state, inputs, outputs, destinations, time, gate | meters, scale tickets, transaction and operator records; Raw aggregation requirements: sum and reconcile by state, grade, period and destination. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. | kg, h | per lot/event | all reference periods | actual site | per reference flow | calibration, tickets, invoices; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_conditioning` | `conditioning` | First cleaning, fleshing and trimming | lot/event record | animal/lot ID, before/after mass, state, inputs, outputs, destinations, time, gate | meters, scale tickets, transaction and operator records; Raw aggregation requirements: sum and reconcile by state, grade, period and destination. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. | kg, h | per lot/event | all reference periods | actual site | per reference flow | calibration, tickets, invoices; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_grading` | `grading` | Accepted, downgraded and rejected destinations | lot/event record | animal/lot ID, before/after mass, state, inputs, outputs, destinations, time, gate | meters, scale tickets, transaction and operator records; Raw aggregation requirements: sum and reconcile by state, grade, period and destination. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. | kg, h | per lot/event | all reference periods | actual site | per reference flow | calibration, tickets, invoices; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_preservation` | `preservation` | Fresh bypass; chilled, dried, salted or brined when actual | lot/event record | animal/lot ID, before/after mass, state, inputs, outputs, destinations, time, gate | meters, scale tickets, transaction and operator records; Raw aggregation requirements: sum and reconcile by state, grade, period and destination. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. `preservation_salt_specific_input`: Operation preservation: Actually purchased salt or brine for salted route. Denominator and scope requirements：per recorded lot or reference product Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Measure added, retained and spent salt separately; omit for nonsalted route. Original collection denominator kind: process_output. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default. | kg, h | per lot/event | all reference periods | actual site | per reference flow | calibration, tickets, invoices; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_handover` | `handover` | Final as-sold hide at declared gate | lot/event record | animal/lot ID, before/after mass, state, inputs, outputs, destinations, time, gate | meters, scale tickets, transaction and operator records; Raw aggregation requirements: sum and reconcile by state, grade, period and destination. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. `protective_packaging_specific_input`: Operation handover: Package function for final raw-hide protection. Denominator and scope requirements：per recorded lot or reference product Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Record new material versus reusable container service; no post-gate logistics. Original collection denominator kind: process_output. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default. | kg, h | per lot/event | all reference periods | actual site | per reference flow | calibration, tickets, invoices; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |

### Calculation Rules

| rule_id | Applies to | Formula or rule | Inputs | Output | source_ids |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `net_reference` | handover | Net hide kg = gross weighed lot minus detachable package and free brine; divide attributable inventory by net mass | gross, package, brine | exchanges per kg | `un-cpc-3` |
| `state_balance` | all nodes | Before mass plus measured water/salt = after mass plus measured residues and explained moisture change; no universal conversion | masses, salt, water, residues | lot balance | `fao-hides-2009` |
| `allocation_sum` | shared outputs | Shares sum to one per node; animal and shared-asset periods not counted twice | actual outputs, drivers, periods | attributable burdens | `fao-hides-statistics` |
| `conditioning_residues_specific_exchanges` | `conditioning` | Enumerate equine-hide trimming residues and spent wash water as separate actual streams. Measure each physical stream with its own composition, state, native unit, lot/period and destination; instantiate one atomic card per specific stream and boundary role. Distinguish waste transfer, purchased treatment and substance-specific discharge; do not treat a disposal service as the wastewater itself or duplicate treatment burdens. Keep stock, rework, marketed downgrade and discarded waste separate, and count physical mixtures once without also counting their components as additional exits. Retain the linked protocol and actual process attribution. Reconstruct each attributable raw numerator on its recorded stage basis, then normalize once to the matched accepted reference output. Missing identity, quantity, unit or destination blocks dataset completeness; absence requires evidence, not an assumed zero. | `cp_conditioning` | Separate atomic exchanges; completeness required |  |
| `preservation_residues_specific_exchanges` | `preservation` | Enumerate spent salt, spent brine and spoiled equine raw hides as separate actual streams. Measure each physical stream with its own composition, state, native unit, lot/period and destination; instantiate one atomic card per specific stream and boundary role. Distinguish waste transfer, purchased treatment and substance-specific discharge; do not treat a disposal service as the wastewater itself or duplicate treatment burdens. Keep stock, rework, marketed downgrade and discarded waste separate, and count physical mixtures once without also counting their components as additional exits. Retain the linked protocol and actual process attribution. Reconstruct each attributable raw numerator on its recorded stage basis, then normalize once to the matched accepted reference output. Missing identity, quantity, unit or destination blocks dataset completeness; absence requires evidence, not an assumed zero. | `cp_preservation` | Separate atomic exchanges; completeness required |  |
| `other_terminal_products_identity_and_fate` | `removal` | Identify each actually separate material stream, composition, state and recipient. Keep spent preservation agents, brine, animal/plant material, packaging, drainage and intended co-products separate when separately handled; instantiate only streams actually evidenced at this operation. A physically mixed stream may have one composition-defined identity only with compatible treatment evidence, without also counting its components as additional exports. Distinguish marketed outputs, internal rework, waste transfer, purchased treatment and elementary discharge; do not duplicate treatment burdens. This replaces an ambiguous aggregate exchange, not the collection obligation. Before dataset completeness, create one concrete card per actual exchange, verify a compatible UUID or retain an explicit unresolved identity, and record quantity, unit, stage/period, destination and evidence. Reconstruct the raw attributable numerator from the linked protocol and normalize once to the matched accepted reference output. Missing data is not zero; no range of the former aggregate is an individual-stream default. | `cp_removal` | Identity-specific exchanges and reconciled activity records |  |
| `packaging_rejects_identity_and_fate` | `handover` | Identify each actually separate material stream, composition, state and recipient. Keep spent preservation agents, brine, animal/plant material, packaging, drainage and intended co-products separate when separately handled; instantiate only streams actually evidenced at this operation. A physically mixed stream may have one composition-defined identity only with compatible treatment evidence, without also counting its components as additional exports. Distinguish marketed outputs, internal rework, waste transfer, purchased treatment and elementary discharge; do not duplicate treatment burdens. This replaces an ambiguous aggregate exchange, not the collection obligation. Before dataset completeness, create one concrete card per actual exchange, verify a compatible UUID or retain an explicit unresolved identity, and record quantity, unit, stage/period, destination and evidence. Reconstruct the raw attributable numerator from the linked protocol and normalize once to the matched accepted reference output. Missing data is not zero; no range of the former aggregate is an individual-stream default. | `cp_handover` | Identity-specific exchanges and reconciled activity records |  |

### Data Quality Requirements

| requirement_id | Applies to | Requirement | Evidence |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `identity` | reference lot | Trace species, history, terminal event, lawful origin, state, grade and gate | animal ID, dispatch |
| `completeness` | all nodes | Include downgraded/rejected, spent salt, package rejects and shared services; mark unused branches zero | balance, batch log |
| `state_quality` | conversion | Retain measured moisture and retained salt; distinguish as-sold, fresh and dry mass | tests, calibrated scale |

## 9. Validation Rules

| rule_id | Applies to | Rule | source_ids |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `classification` | reference | Reject non-equine, tanned/dehaired/limed or gate/state-undocumented products | `un-cpc-3` |
| `mass_balance` | nodes | Reconcile removal-to-handover masses, accepted/downgraded/rejected destinations, moisture and retained salt | `fao-hides-2009` |
| `output_set` | terminal and grading | Verify real intended outputs and handovers; no fictional meat co-product for fallen recovery | `fao-hides-statistics` |
| `source_match` | animal and removal | Match each live-Product or fallen-body-Waste handoff once by animal ID, route and measured mass; reconcile the removal outputs and documented losses without double-counting the body as another co-product. | `fao-hides-statistics` |
| `period_shared` | animal and facility | Check animal and shared-asset periods counted once and allocation shares sum to one | `fao-hides-statistics` |
| `uuid_gate` | concrete exchanges | Concrete exchange needs actual state and gate; farm-gate mix is not a curing-site substitute |  |
| `v_foreground_emission_responsibility` | Actual operated nodes and linked services | Record responsibility for on-site fuel combustion and refrigerant leakage when applicable: either quantified foreground emissions or a named linked process explicitly covering them, never merely a fuel-supply or electricity-production input. Assess special-taxon biological and residue emissions using species/route evidence, without a generic livestock factor. Identify any unresolved pathway and withhold a completeness claim; document supported absence and prevent duplicate upstream/downstream accounting. | |

## 10. Published Dataset Profile

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| dataset_role | Foreground equine raw-hide dataset at actual pre-tannery gate |
| downstream_use | `secondary_dataset`; `background_dataset` |
| allowed_use | Raw-hide and downstream leather models with matching species, grade, state and gate |
| excluded_use | Other species, leather, unverified farm-gate mix and undisclosed state |
| required_metadata | species, use history, terminal event, lawful source, allocation, net mass, grade, state and gate |
| required_quality_disclosure | upstream coverage, state/mass/salt balance, shared drivers and unresolved UUIDs |
| update_trigger | route, legal recovery, species scope, treatment state, gate, allocation or identity changes |

## 11. Data Sources

| Source id | Type | Reference | Used for |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `un-cpc-3` | `official_guidance` | [UN CPC 3.0 explanatory notes](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf) | classification boundary |
| `fao-hides-2009` | `official_guidance` | [FAO, Hides and Skins](https://www.fao.org/4/i0523e/i0523e.pdf) | collection, conditioning and preservation |
| `fao-hides-statistics` | `official_guidance` | [FAO, hides and skins production definitions](https://www.fao.org/4/x9892e/X9892e06.htm) | slaughter and fallen-animal source |
| `unido-leather-2015` | `official_guidance` | [UNIDO, sustainable leather framework](https://downloads.unido.org/ot/46/70/4670793/KRAL_AGR_AIT_URT_2015_100228_001.pdf) | raw-hide/later-leather boundary |
| `fao-agricultural-energy` | official_guidance | FAO Energy demand and consumption in African agriculture, Annex C case-study results, https://www.fao.org/4/v9766e/v9766e08.htm | conditional concrete identities and method context; does not establish site use or quantities |