---
pcr_id: pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.live-animals-and-animal-products-excluding-meat.natural-honey
language: en-US
status: candidate
sync_with: pcr.zh-CN.md
---

# Natural honey at producer gate

## 1. Scope and Applicability

Natural bee-produced honey from managed colonies or a documented wild source, transferred at an apiary/farm or producer-controlled extraction-room gate, is included. Extracted, pressed, drained, simply strained and comb presentations are covered. Managed feeding and hive upkeep apply only to stationary or migratory managed colonies; wild harvest is a separate route. Artificial or adulterated honey, sweetener blends, industrial refining and post-gate distribution are excluded. Codex CXS 12-1981 defines natural honey and comb presentation; FAO guidance distinguishes colony management, harvest and first extraction.

## 2. Product Category Identity

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| canonical_pcr_id | pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.live-animals-and-animal-products-excluding-meat.natural-honey |
| classification_refs | CPC 3.0: 02910 Natural honey |
| covered_products | Natural nectar or honeydew honey, extracted, pressed, drained, simply strained or sold in comb, from managed or documented wild harvest. |
| excluded_products | Artificial or adulterated honey, sweetener blends, industrial refinement and retail distribution. |
| representative_product | Saleable natural honey constituent at producer-controlled handover. |
| production_route | Managed-biological-production parent with stationary versus migratory route delta: actual hive transport, feeding, service periods and spatial records. Documented wild capture is mutually exclusive and omits managed-colony inputs. Independent harvest is required; first extraction is conditional; producer grading/handover is explicit. |
| market_state | Raw or simply prepared honey, liquid, crystalline or comb, with origin, moisture, grade and handover declared. |

## 3. Reference Flow

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| What | Saleable natural honey constituent, excluding retained comb wax and packaging. |
| How much | 1 kg honey constituent. For comb presentation, derive honey mass from measured sale gross mass and lot-representative wax/other non-honey fractions. |
| How well | Natural honey with declared nectar/honeydew origin, moisture, authenticity, presentation, grade and producer gate. |
| How long or cycle | A declared harvest season linked to colony, carry-over store and shared-asset service periods. |
| reference_flow_link | `saleable_honey` |

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Reference amount | 1 |
| Reference product flow | Natural honey at producer gate |
| Reference flow property | Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` |
| Reference unit group | Mass units `93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66` |
| Reference unit | kg |
| Required qualifiers | managed stationary/migratory or wild route; colony/source; apiary and floral/honeydew origin; harvest season; moisture; extracted/pressed/drained/comb state; comb gross and wax masses; grade; producer gate |

The raw-honey farm-gate platform flow `fec12529-d2e9-429f-8adb-aaa39b2e88b1` is fixed only on the exactly matching output card. The broad reference UUID remains blank.

## 4. Measurement and Unit Rules

| rule_id | Applies to | Required property | Required unit | Rule |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `honey_constituent_mass` | reference output | Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` | kg | Weigh sale lots. For comb, determine honey, retained wax and other non-honey fractions by representative separation or validated sampling; never equate sale gross mass to honey reference mass. |
| `comb_fraction_balance` | comb lots | Mass | kg | Honey constituent = sold comb gross mass minus retained wax and measured other non-honey mass; retain sample method and uncertainty. |
| `moisture_basis` | honey lots | Mass fraction | kg water/kg honey | Measure moisture by lot and state. Normalize as-sold honey constituent, not dry solids. |
| `carrier_and_freight` | utilities and migration | Energy or mass-distance | MJ, kWh, kg*km | Preserve carrier/mode; convert using recorded factors and exclude post-gate distribution. |
| `inventory_reference_normalization` | all inventory rows | Actual flow property | exchange unit per reference flow | The inventory and collection aggregation fields below express final amounts per declared reference flow. Keep all raw collection records, original denominator qualifiers, route/period strata, unit conversions and allocation requirements. For each flow, first obtain its attributable amount in its own numerator unit using the existing rules; then divide by the measured accepted reference-output quantity of the same scope and multiply by the declared reference quantity. Do not mix species, states, gates or incompatible routes; count transfers and shared burdens once. A missing, zero or untraceable accepted-output denominator is a blocking data-quality issue. Keep provisional QA ranges on their explicitly stated bases; they are not conversion factors or production defaults. Compute normalized amount = attributable amount * declared reference quantity / measured accepted reference-output quantity. Apply normalization once only; never divide an already normalized value again. |
| `stage_throughput_linkage` | stage records and final package contributions | Actual flow property and its stated raw basis | retain native numerator and stage denominator units | Keep the original lot, event, cohort, period and stage denominators with their units. Reconstruct the attributable numerator A with measured stage quantity Q_stage and documented attribution before final normalization. If a quoted amount a_B corresponds to an explicit stage basis B_stage (for example, 1000 kg), use A = a_B * Q_stage / B_stage. If r_stage is already an intensity in exchange-unit per stage-unit, instead use A = r_stage * Q_stage, with no second division by B_stage. A raw attributable total is used directly. Final contribution = A * declared reference quantity / measured accepted final output. Convert compatible units explicitly and apply each attribution/allocation share exactly once; never treat a quoted amount or intensity as a raw total. Link stage transfers, losses, rejects, stocks, shared services and allocation to the same actual route, period and final-output stratum. For a 1000 kg basis retain 1000 kg explicitly. Do not assume unit yield, equal fresh/dried mass, equal head mass, equal dose quality or interchangeable gates. Missing links, unsupported unit conversion, zero denominators and untraceable allocation block dataset production. Stage-native datasets retain their own stage reference; package contributions are a separate projection. |

## 5. System Boundary

### Boundary Abstraction

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| declared_starting_condition | Managed route: admitted colony, hive and incoming feed/materials at apiary. Wild route: identified natural colony/location and access/harvest services, without imputed managed inputs. |
| starting_condition_role | Managed production hands mature comb to independent harvest; wild capture begins at its documented natural source. Harvested comb enters optional extraction or direct comb sale, then producer grading/handover. |
| product_classification_scope | CPC 3.0 02910 natural honey; wax, propolis or queens are distinct products only on independent transfer. |
| recursive_input_rule | Purchased honey keeps its supplier dataset and is not counted as newly produced honey; disclose incoming source and mass. |
| upstream_dataset_requirement | Match feed, hive material, supplied water, energy and actual inbound freight datasets to state, provider and geography. |
| disclosure | Route, origin/colony, season, nectar/honeydew source, harvest/extraction, presentation, moisture, producer gate, comb honey/wax sampling, grades, co-products and shared-asset attribution. |

### Boundary Rules

| rule_id | Applies to | Rule | source_ids |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `natural_boundary` | all routes | Include natural honey through producer-controlled handover; exclude sweetener addition, industrial processing and post-gate distribution. | `codex-honey-2022`; `fao-bee-products` |
| `route_delta` | managed and wild | Stationary and migratory managed colonies share a biological parent; migration adds actual hive freight and alters service/forage records. Wild capture is mutually exclusive and has no managed-colony feed, hive or replacement burdens. | `fao-bee-products`; `fao-beekeeping-2021` |
| `capture_handover` | harvest | Distinguish honey/comb in colony from physically harvested comb, incidental material and loss. Record an independent harvest handover. | `fao-bee-products` |
| `first_conditioning` | extracted presentation | Pressing, draining, centrifuging and simple straining are conditional. Record input comb, prepared honey, separated wax and rejects; comb sale bypasses this node. | `fao-bee-products`; `codex-honey-2022` |
| `grade_handover` | producer gate | If grading produces multiple quality/destination states, record accepted, downgraded and rejected handovers separately. | `codex-honey-2022` |
| `period_and_assets` | multi-season service | Link colony buildup, wintering, harvest, replacement, hive/vehicle/extractor service to consumers and periods; book each burden once. | `fao-beekeeping-2021` |

## 6. Process Inventory Structure

### Process Map

| process_id | process_name | inclusion | inclusion_condition | role | quantitative_reference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `managed` | Managed colony production | conditional | Managed stationary or migratory lots, never wild capture. | Produce mature comb with feed, water and multi-season asset burdens. | honey and gross comb per colony-season |
| `harvest` | Honey harvest or wild capture | required | One documented managed or wild source per lot. | Independently remove comb and classify collected, incidental and lost states. | gross comb and honey/wax fractions per lot |
| `extraction` | Primary extraction and conditioning | conditional | Only non-comb sale with pressing, draining, centrifuging or simple straining. | Split comb into raw/prepared honey, separated wax and rejects. | kg honey and wax per extraction batch |
| `grading` | Producer grading and handover | required | Handover always; grade sorting when actual destinations differ. | Declare accepted, downgraded and reject states, then reference honey. | 1 kg saleable honey constituent |

### Process: Managed colony production (`managed`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

###### Managed colony supplied water (`water`)

Meter actual supplied water; no imputed management water for wild harvest.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent

- Selected flow: Supplied apiary water
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Collect by lot and reconcile with actual handovers and stock changes.
- Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_colony`
- Range: Provisional replaceable screening range
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 100
  - Unit: kg/kg honey constituent
  - Basis: broad first-pass screen per kg honey constituent; replace with records
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

No prescribed flow; record actual exchanges if present.

##### Elementary flows

No prescribed flow; record actual exchanges if present.

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Mature honey comb at colony handover (`mature_comb`)

Transfer mature comb to independent harvest; record honey and wax fractions.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent

- Selected flow: Mature honey-bearing comb (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg gross comb
- Amount rule: Collect by lot and reconcile with actual handovers and stock changes.
- Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_harvest`
- Range: Provisional replaceable screening range
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 1
  - Upper: 6
  - Unit: kg gross comb/kg honey constituent
  - Basis: broad first-pass screen per kg honey constituent; replace with records
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

No prescribed flow; record actual exchanges if present.

##### Elementary flows

No prescribed flow; record actual exchanges if present.

### Process: Honey harvest or wild capture (`harvest`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

###### Managed comb entering harvest (`managed_comb_input`)

Conditional internal transfer for managed route only; wild capture has a declared natural source instead.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent

- Selected flow: Mature honey-bearing comb (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg gross comb
- Amount rule: Collect by lot and reconcile with actual handovers and stock changes.
- Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_harvest`
- Range: Provisional replaceable screening range
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 6
  - Unit: kg gross comb/kg honey constituent
  - Basis: broad first-pass screen per kg honey constituent; replace with records
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

###### Actual hive migration freight (`migration_freight`)

Only actual managed migratory hive freight; exclude post-gate distribution.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent

- Selected flow: Road freight service
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg*km
- Amount rule: Collect by lot and reconcile with actual handovers and stock changes.
- Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_migration`
- Range: Provisional replaceable screening range
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000
  - Unit: kg*km/kg honey constituent
  - Basis: broad first-pass screen per kg honey constituent; replace with records
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

No prescribed flow; record actual exchanges if present.

##### Elementary flows

No prescribed flow; record actual exchanges if present.

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Harvested honey-bearing comb (`harvested_comb`)

Weigh separately harvested comb and sampled honey/wax fractions; hand over for comb sale or extraction.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent

- Selected flow: Harvested honey-bearing comb (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg gross comb
- Amount rule: Collect by lot and reconcile with actual handovers and stock changes.
- Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_harvest`
- Range: Provisional replaceable screening range
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 1
  - Upper: 6
  - Unit: kg gross comb/kg honey constituent
  - Basis: broad first-pass screen per kg honey constituent; replace with records
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

###### Harvest rejects and incidental matter (`harvest_reject`)

Record brood-contaminated or spoiled comb and actual waste destination.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent

- Selected flow: Rejected comb (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Collect by lot and reconcile with actual handovers and stock changes.
- Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_harvest`
- Range: Provisional replaceable screening range
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 2
  - Unit: kg/kg honey constituent
  - Basis: broad first-pass screen per kg honey constituent; replace with records
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Elementary flows

No prescribed flow; record actual exchanges if present.

### Process: Primary extraction and conditioning (`extraction`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

###### Comb entering first extraction (`comb_extraction_input`)

Activate pressing, draining or centrifuging only for non-comb sale.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent

- Selected flow: Harvested honey-bearing comb (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg gross comb
- Amount rule: Collect by lot and reconcile with actual handovers and stock changes.
- Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_extraction`
- Range: Provisional replaceable screening range
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 1
  - Upper: 6
  - Unit: kg gross comb/kg honey constituent
  - Basis: broad first-pass screen per kg honey constituent; replace with records
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

###### Electricity at the equipment supply point (`extraction_energy_electricity`)

**Collection scope and applicability for extraction_energy.** The following concrete identities have separate cards and apply only when use or generation is evidenced inside the original process scope. They are not mandatory inputs or a default recipe. Document non-use; missing records are not zero. Add a separate concrete card for any other actual material instead of substituting one of these names or UUIDs. Preserve attribution and boundaries and avoid double counting components included in outsourced services.

Meter electricity or fuel for extraction and primary straining.
Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent
Energy accounting basis: retain separate carrier quantities in their native units. Convert electricity from kWh to MJ using 3.6; convert fuel mass/volume only with documented carrier-specific calorific value and, where needed, density. This card reports the MJ accounting quantity, not a mass exchange or a summed mixed-carrier flow. Final exchanges retain their actual carrier property and unit; do not add kg, L, kWh and MJ or assign one carrier UUID to their total.

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Retain the electricity supply point, fuel grade, density and heating-value basis. Distinguish purchased heat from on-site fuel conversion without counting its input fuel again.

- Selected flow: Alternating current `455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca`
- Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
- Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under `cp_extraction` and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
- Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_extraction`
- Sources: `fao-agricultural-energy`

This binding is alternating current at the use point with supply technology, voltage and provider unspecified. Confirm actual AC supply; DC requires a different identity. The database reference is 1 MJ: preserve meter kWh and convert once using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ when linking reference quantities. Internal generation links to its foreground generator, without an additional purchased-electricity burden.

###### Diesel fuel supplied to equipment (`extraction_energy_diesel`)

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Retain the electricity supply point, fuel grade, density and heating-value basis. Distinguish purchased heat from on-site fuel conversion without counting its input fuel again.

- Selected flow: Diesel fuel `9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816`
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under `cp_extraction` and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
- Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_extraction`
- Sources: `fao-agricultural-energy`

###### Extraction-room cleaning water (`cleaning_water`)

Record actual food-contact cleaning water.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent

- Selected flow: Process cleaning water
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Collect by lot and reconcile with actual handovers and stock changes.
- Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_extraction`
- Range: Provisional replaceable screening range
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 100
  - Unit: kg/kg honey constituent
  - Basis: broad first-pass screen per kg honey constituent; replace with records
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

No prescribed flow; record actual exchanges if present.

##### Elementary flows

No prescribed flow; record actual exchanges if present.

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Raw extracted honey at farm gate (`raw_farm_honey`)

Fixed identity applies only to raw honey transferred at the producing farm gate, not every presentation.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent

- Selected flow: Raw natural honey at farm gate `fec12529-d2e9-429f-8adb-aaa39b2e88b1`
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg honey
- Amount rule: Collect by lot and reconcile with actual handovers and stock changes.
- Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_extraction`
- Range: Provisional replaceable screening range
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 2
  - Unit: kg honey/kg honey constituent
  - Basis: broad first-pass screen per kg honey constituent; replace with records
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

###### Prepared honey at producer extraction-room hand-off (`room_prepared_honey`)

This alternative applies when the actual gate or state is not the verified raw farm-honey state. Never reuse the raw farm UUID for it.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent

- Selected flow: Prepared natural honey at producer extraction room (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg honey
- Amount rule: Weigh prepared output and account for stock changes.
- Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_extraction`
- Range: Provisional replaceable screening range
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 2
  - Unit: kg honey/kg honey constituent
  - Basis: broad first-pass screen; replace with measured batches
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

###### Separately transferred recovered beeswax (`recovered_wax`)

Only separated and independently transferred wax is a co-product; wax retained in sold comb is excluded.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent

- Selected flow: Recovered beeswax (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg wax
- Amount rule: Collect by lot and reconcile with actual handovers and stock changes.
- Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_extraction`
- Range: Provisional replaceable screening range
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 2
  - Unit: kg wax/kg honey constituent
  - Basis: broad first-pass screen per kg honey constituent; replace with records
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

###### Extraction rejects and residue (`extraction_reject`)

Record spoiled honey, dirty wax and removed debris as waste unless independently accepted as a product.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent

- Selected flow: Honey-extraction reject waste (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Weigh rejects and record their destination.
- Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_extraction`
- Range: Provisional replaceable screening range
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 2
  - Unit: kg/kg honey constituent
  - Basis: broad first-pass screen; replace with measured batches
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Elementary flows

No prescribed flow; record actual exchanges if present.

### Process: Producer grading and handover (`grading`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

###### Honey or comb entering grading (`grade_input`)

Declare extracted or comb presentation and reconcile input honey and wax.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent

- Selected flow: Natural honey before grade (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg honey-equivalent
- Amount rule: Collect by lot and reconcile with actual handovers and stock changes.
- Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_grading`
- Range: Provisional replaceable screening range
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 1
  - Upper: 3
  - Unit: kg honey-equivalent/kg honey constituent
  - Basis: broad first-pass screen per kg honey constituent; replace with records
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

No prescribed flow; record actual exchanges if present.

##### Elementary flows

No prescribed flow; record actual exchanges if present.

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Saleable natural honey at producer gate (`saleable_honey`)

Reference output is honey constituent. Comb gross sale weight includes wax, which is sampled separately and excluded from denominator.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent

Raw reference-output records: Collect by lot and reconcile with actual handovers and stock changes. Preserve the measured accepted lot quantity and every required qualifier. The amount below is the normalized reference exchange, not an assertion that a physical lot contains only one unit.

- Selected flow: Natural honey at producer gate
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: 1 kg
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_grading`
- Range: Reference normalization identity
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 1
  - Upper: 1
  - Unit: kg honey/kg honey constituent
  - Basis: exactly 1 kg honey constituent per 1 kg reference by definition
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Method formula (`method_formula`)
  - Sources: `codex-honey-2022`

###### Independently transferred downgraded honey (`downgraded_honey`)

Record grade, mass and independent destination; otherwise classify unsuitable matter as reject.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent

- Selected flow: Downgraded honey (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg honey
- Amount rule: Collect by lot and reconcile with actual handovers and stock changes.
- Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_grading`
- Range: Provisional replaceable screening range
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 2
  - Unit: kg honey/kg honey constituent
  - Basis: broad first-pass screen per kg honey constituent; replace with records
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

No prescribed flow; record actual exchanges if present.

## 7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

| rule_id | Applies to | Rule | source_ids |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `output_set` | colony, harvest, extraction | List every independently transferred honey, wax, propolis, queen or colony product at its actual handover. Wax retained in sold comb honey is part of the sale presentation, not independently transferred wax. Incidental matter and rejects are not products without evidence. | `fao-bee-products`; `codex-honey-2022` |
| `allocation_precedence` | genuinely joint burdens | Separate directly metered processes first. Allocate inseparable joint burdens to independently transferred outputs by measured economic value at the same gate and period; retain prices, masses and sensitivity. Do not also apply substitution or a second mass allocation. | `fao-bee-products` |
| `period_attribution` | managed colony | Assign overwintering, colony buildup, carry-over stores, replacement and termination to dated service/harvest periods based on observed service and output; no double booking across seasons. | `fao-beekeeping-2021` |
| `shared_asset` | hive, transport, extractor | Identify each consuming node and service period. Attribute shared burdens once by observed hours, trips or throughput. | `fao-beekeeping-2021` |

Concrete cards do not inherit numerical ranges from the former aggregate card. Determine quantities from original records, stock/meter reconciliation and the declared reference flow; no default quantity or numeric screen is supplied without evidence matching the identity, unit, period and boundary. Missing range evidence is a quality disclosure, not zero use or proof of completeness.

## 8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

### Specific input identification before dataset completion

Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.

| requirement_id | collection_protocol_id | Preserved collection scope |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `hive_material_specific_input` | `cp_assets` | Operation managed: Allocate hive and frame replacements over observed service periods. Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent Original quantity method: Collect by lot and reconcile with actual handovers and stock changes. |


### Data Collection Protocols

| protocol_id | process_id | flow_role | record_type | raw_fields | collection_method | unit | frequency | temporal_coverage | site_scope | aggregation_rule | quality_evidence |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `cp_colony` | `managed` | managed feed, water, comb | hive log | colony id; route; feed issue/return; water; season; mature comb | dated hive logs and invoices; Raw aggregation requirements: Use calc_feed_supply_and_intake to distinguish supplied feed carrying production burden, actual intake and losses; preserve all native stock and period records, then normalize the attributable quantity once to accepted final output. `feed_specific_input`: Feed used for managed colonies only, net of returns; natural nectar is not purchased feed. Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden. This is a mandatory specific-input collection requirement, not a selected exchange. Identify every actual formulation, carrier or independently supplied service from primary records, with physical identity, state, native quantity and supplier specifications. Create a separate concrete card for each actual input before dataset completeness; verify a compatible UUID or explicitly retain its unresolved identity. Product mass and contained active-substance mass are different ledgers: convert only using documented composition and never count both as two purchases. Finished feed and separately added ingredients must not duplicate its recipe. Distinguish fuel purchase, purchased electricity/heat and inclusive machinery services; charge only their actual boundaries once. Preserve the original operation, period, attribution and final-output normalization. Missing identity or records do not establish zero use; no universal component range or invented recipe is supplied.  | kg | each event | full harvest season | apiary | per reference flow | hive logs and stock reconciliation; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_assets` | `managed` | hive and shared assets | asset register | asset id; mass; service life; user node; hours | invoice and service log; Raw aggregation requirements: assign once by use. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. `hive_material_specific_input`: Operation managed: Allocate hive and frame replacements over observed service periods. Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent Original quantity method: Collect by lot and reconcile with actual handovers and stock changes. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default. | kg, h | purchase and annual | complete service life | all consumers | per reference flow | asset register; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_migration` | `harvest` | hive freight | trip log | hive load; origin; destination; distance; mode | dispatch/odometer; Raw aggregation requirements: load times distance. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. | kg, km | each trip | represented season | migratory apiary | per reference flow | trip evidence; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_harvest` | `harvest` | comb and rejects | lot log | managed or wild source; date; gross comb; sampled honey; wax; loss; destination | calibrated scale and sample; Raw aggregation requirements: reconcile harvested and lost. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. | kg | each lot | full season | producer/source | per reference flow | ticket and sample log; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_extraction` | `extraction` | honey, wax, utilities | batch log | comb input; honey; wax; rejects; water; energy; moisture | scales, meters and assay; Raw aggregation requirements: reconcile material and utility. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. | kg, MJ | each batch | full season | producer room | per reference flow | batch sheet/calibration; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_grading` | `grading` | reference and grade outputs | sale lot | presentation; sale gross; sampled honey/wax/other fractions; accepted; downgrade; reject; gate; prices | weighed sale plus representative destructive comb sample; Raw aggregation requirements: gross less wax/other = honey constituent. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. `grading_reject_specific_output`: Weigh spoiled or unrecoverable material and record destination. Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg saleable honey constituent Collect by lot and reconcile with actual handovers and stock changes. This is a mandatory specific-output collection requirement, not a selected exchange. Preserve every actual waste, residue, reject and co-product from this operation. Create separate cards for physically distinct streams with actual material, composition/state, quantity, receiving route and Product/Waste role before dataset completeness; verify a compatible UUID or explicitly retain its unresolved identity. A genuinely mixed stream may remain one physically defined mixture supported by composition records; never invent separation or count its components again. Keep liquid and solid treatment quantities separate. Preserve original period, output balance, reference normalization and allocation rules; missing records do not establish zero or exclusion.  | kg, fraction | each lot and sample | full season | producer gate | per reference flow | sale ticket and sample method; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_feed_supply_and_intake` | `managed` | Feed supply, intake and loss | stock, receipt, issue and loss ledger | feed identity/source; cohort/phase; period; opening/closing stock; receipts; on-site provision; unused returns/transfers; uneaten/spoiled mass and destination; as-fed/DM; actual intake; burden owner; accepted final output | Reconcile matched stock, scales, ration/forage estimates and disposal records under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Keep raw totals and stage denominators; assign production and treatment burden once, then normalize to accepted final output. | kg as-fed; kg DM | each issue and period close | complete represented cohort/period | actual operated feeding nodes | per reference flow | stock and supplier records; moisture evidence; loss and no-duplication reconciliation |

### Calculation Rules

| rule_id | Applies to | Formula or rule | Inputs | Output | source_ids |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `comb_honey_conversion` | comb lots | Honey kg = sold comb gross kg minus retained comb wax kg minus measured other non-honey kg. Use lot-representative separation or validated sampling with uncertainty; do not assume gross comb equals honey. | gross mass; honey/wax/other sample fractions | reference honey kg | `codex-honey-2022` |
| `honey_wax_balance` | each lot | Reconcile honey into accepted, downgraded, lost and stock-change masses; separately reconcile wax retained, recovered and discarded. | harvest, extraction, grade records | mass residual | `fao-bee-products` |
| `season_asset_assignment` | shared services | Attribute each asset burden by actual node-period service share; all consumer-period shares sum to one. | asset and production logs | assigned burden | `fao-beekeeping-2021` |
| `normalization` | all exchanges | Divide attributable inventory by saleable honey constituent kg, not comb sale gross kg. | attributed inventory; honey kg | exchange per reference kg | `codex-honey-2022` |
| `calc_feed_supply_and_intake` | `feed` | Feed supply used by the represented operation = opening feed stock + receipts + on-site feed entering the operation - closing feed stock - documented unused returns or transfers out. Retain in-boundary spoilage, refusals and discarded leftovers in that supply. Actual intake = that supply - measured uneaten/discarded losses, after matching moisture/DM and period; use intake only for nutrition/metabolism. Opening stock retains its prior burden and is not another purchase. Trace any unused return or transfer and its burden destination; no automatic substitution credit. Attribute production once, through either the purchased-feed dataset or the represented on-site crop/collection node, never both for the same feed. Include actual waste treatment and manure contributions once, not as a second feed-production burden. | `cp_feed_supply_and_intake` | separate feed supply, intake and loss quantities, in matched as-fed/DM units | `fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018` |

### Data Quality Requirements

| requirement_id | Applies to | Requirement | Evidence |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `route_identity` | every lot | Identify stationary, migratory or wild source without imputing management to wild lots. | source/route log |
| `comb_fraction` | comb sale | Record sample size, separation method, honey/wax fractions and uncertainty; unsupported conversion blocks quantified comb dataset. | sample record |
| `lot_balance` | all lots | Explain honey and wax residuals, grade/reject destination and stocks. | reconciled batch sheet |
| `shared_periods` | assets/colony | Show dated service and single attribution of colony, hive, freight and extractor. | asset/season ledger |

## 9. Validation Rules

| rule_id | Applies to | Rule | severity |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `natural_identity` | reference | Reject artificial/adulterated or sweetener-added product; require origin, moisture, presentation and gate. | error |
| `comb_reference_mass` | comb sale | Require sample-derived honey constituent and retained wax; gross comb mass cannot be used silently as reference. | error |
| `wax_no_double_count` | comb and wax | Reject the same wax mass retained in sold comb and independently exported as recovered wax. | error |
| `terminal_output_once` | raw farm honey and saleable honey | If the raw farm-gate output is the saleable reference lot, treat the final handover card as a reporting roll-up, not a second physical product exchange; otherwise do not activate the raw farm card. | error |
| `route_exclusivity` | all lots | One managed stationary, managed migratory or wild route per lot; wild lots cannot bear managed feed/hive/migration. | error |
| `states_and_destinations` | all outputs | Check harvested, conditioned, downgraded, rejected and saleable states plus actual gate and destination. | error |
| `period_once` | multi-season/shared | Reject duplicated colony or shared-asset burdens across periods and nodes. | error |
| `concrete_binding` | all exchanges | Expand conditional flow identities from actual records and confirm every final exchange UUID; unresolved identities remain blank. | error |
| `v_foreground_emission_responsibility` | Actual operated nodes and linked services | Record responsibility for on-site fuel combustion and refrigerant leakage when applicable: either quantified foreground emissions or a named linked process explicitly covering them, never merely a fuel-supply or electricity-production input. Assess special-taxon biological and residue emissions using species/route evidence, without a generic livestock factor. Identify any unresolved pathway and withhold a completeness claim; document supported absence and prevent duplicate upstream/downstream accounting. | |
| `v_feed_supply_intake_separation` | All feed inputs | Reject an upstream feed inventory reduced by in-boundary refusal, spoilage or discarded leftovers without retaining their production burden. Reconcile supply, intake, stock, transfers and loss destinations under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Do not reuse intake as supplied feed, assume zero-burden on-site feed or grant automatic avoided-product credits. | `fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018` |

## 10. Published Dataset Profile

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| dataset_role | Foreground natural-honey production dataset at producer gate. |
| downstream_use | Secondary/background use after route- and state-matched review. |
| allowed_use | Natural honey with known producer gate, presentation, constituent mass and allocation. |
| excluded_use | Artificial honey, blends, industrial refinement, unmeasured comb conversion and post-gate retail. |
| required_metadata | Route, colony/source, season, floral/honeydew origin, moisture, extraction, presentation, gate, comb gross/honey/wax masses, grade and co-product transfer. |
| required_quality_disclosure | Sampling uncertainty, mass residuals, estimated utilities, UUID gaps and shared-burden allocation. |
| update_trigger | New route, extraction technology, origin mix, presentation, co-product handover or identity evidence. |

## 11. Data Sources

| Source id | Type | Reference | Used for |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `codex-honey-2022` | standard | Codex CXS 12-1981 Standard for Honey, amended 2022; https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/standards/en | Natural-honey identity, presentation, quality and mass basis. |
| `fao-bee-products` | official_guidance | FAO, Value-added products from beekeeping, Ch. 2; https://www.fao.org/4/w0076e/w0076e05.htm | Colony, harvest, extraction, honey/wax outputs. |
| `fao-beekeeping-2021` | official_guidance | FAO, Good beekeeping practices for sustainable apiculture (2021); https://www.fao.org/family-farming/detail/en/c/1442505/ | Managed production, seasonal records and service attribution. |
| `fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018` | official_guidance | [FAO 2018, Environmental performance of pig supply chains, section 11.2.2](https://www.fao.org/4/i8686en/I8686EN.pdf) | Feed supply versus intake and waste burden, not animal parameters. Applying this accounting principle to the declared taxon is this PCR's methodological choice; no pig diet or emission factor is transferred. |
| `fao-agricultural-energy` | official_guidance | FAO Energy demand and consumption in African agriculture, Annex C case-study results, https://www.fao.org/4/v9766e/v9766e08.htm | conditional concrete identities and method context; does not establish site use or quantities |